ࡱ> }|'`bjbjLULU..?.?/ ":::Nvvv8d4N.&R$vvDH.J.J.J.J.J.J.$0h2>n.E:|||n.::."""|x::H."|H.""V(@::)F 0Сv ) H..0.)x2!2)2:)||"|||||n.n."|||.||||NNNd NNNNNN:::::: !   TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l "_Toc278104625"  PAGEREF _Toc278104625 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc278104626"1. A=>2=K5 ?>;>65=8O B5>@88 .!<8B0  PAGEREF _Toc278104626 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc278104627"2. =B5@?@5B0F8O B5>@88 AB>8<>AB8 . 8:0@4>  PAGEREF _Toc278104627 \h 7 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc278104628"3. "5>@8O AB>8<>AB8 2 B@C40E . 0@:A0  PAGEREF _Toc278104628 \h 11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc278104629".'  PAGEREF _Toc278104629 \h 14 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc278104630"!! !, " "# +  PAGEREF _Toc278104630 \h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http://gallery.economicus.ru/cgi-ise/gallery/frame_rightn.pl?type=school&links=./in/smith/works/works1&name=classic&img=works_small.gif" \o "=8<0=85! -B> 2=5H=OO AAK;:0, ?>MB><C A>45@60=85 AB@0=8FK ?> MB><C 04@5AC <>3;> 1KBL C40;5=> 8;8 87<5=5=> 157 =0H53> 254><0. A;8 2K 70<5B8B5 >H81:C A>>1I8B5, ?>60;C9AB0, =0< ?> 04@5AC editor@e-college.ru" \t "xbook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http://gallery.economicus.ru/cgi-ise/gallery/frame_rightn.pl?type=school&links=./in/ricardo/works/ricardo_w1.txt&name=classic&img=works.jpg" \o "=8<0=85! -B> 2=5H=OO AAK;:0, ?>MB><C A>45@60=85 AB@0=8FK ?> MB><C 04@5AC <>3;> 1KBL C40;5=> 8;8 87<5=5=> 157 =0H53> 254><0. A;8 2K 70<5B8B5 >H81:C A>>1I8B5, ?>60;C9AB0, =0< ?> 04@5AC editor@e-college.ru" \t "xbook" 0G0;0 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 M:>=><88 8 =0;>3>>1;>65=8O.  MB>9 @01>B5 . 8:0@4> ?@>4>;68; 45;> .!<8B0. 4=0:> >= 8A?@028; =5:>B>@K5 53> =5B>G=>AB8 8 ACI5AB25==> CB>G=8; B@C4>2CN B5>@8N AB>8<>AB8  NPR˼ˮ~hNh2N6j}h hCJOJQJUaJmHnHu3jh PhCJOJQJUaJmHnHu*h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHu+h Ph0JCJOJQJaJmHnHu jhUmHnHuhmHnHujhUmHnHuh PhCJOJQJaJ%jh PhCJOJQJUaJhh5CJOJQJaJhFh5CJOJQJaJ X Jl$dh@&a$gdI#$dh`a$gdI# $dha$gdI# dhgd  $ dhgdgd $dha$gd  & j l n ůŦgQQ5ů6jwh hCJOJQJUaJmHnHu*h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHu/h Ph0JCJOJQJaJmHnHtHu+h Ph0JCJOJQJaJmHnHu jhUmHnHuhmHnHu+h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHtHujhUmHnHu3jh PhCJOJQJUaJmHnHu$hCJOJQJaJmHnHu D F H | ~ y]yJy4+h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHtHu$hCJOJQJaJmHnHu6jqh hCJOJQJUaJmHnHu3jh PhCJOJQJUaJmHnHu*h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHu/h Ph0JCJOJQJaJmHnHtHu+h Ph0JCJOJQJaJmHnHujhUmHnHu jhUmHnHuhmHnHu    J L N R T V X Z ˵lVM<˵ jhUmHnHuhmHnHu+h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHtHu$hCJOJQJaJmHnHu6jkh hCJOJQJUaJmHnHu3jh PhCJOJQJUaJmHnHu*h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHu+h Ph0JCJOJQJaJmHnHujhUmHnHu jhUmHnHu * , . n p r ʷʩycMM1ʷ6j_h hCJOJQJUaJmHnHu*h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHu+h Ph0JCJOJQJaJmHnHu jhUmHnHuhmHnHu+h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHtHujhUmHnHu$hCJOJQJaJmHnHu3jh PhCJOJQJUaJmHnHu6jeh hCJOJQJUaJmHnHu l86ŵugVuCCu$h:<hI#CJOJQJaJnHtH h:<hI#0JCJOJQJaJhI#0JCJOJQJaJ h:<hI#0JCJOJQJaJh.9hI#5CJOJQJaJhc,hI#5CJOJQJaJh:<hI#CJOJQJaJhFhI#5CJOJQJaJhI#%jh PhCJOJQJUaJ+h PhCJOJQJaJmHnHtHujhUmHnHulh6D8"2#%H'R')/x12203$$dh@&`a$gdI#$dh@&a$gdI#$dh`a$gdI#$ & F dh^`a$gdI#bp 2!4!8!H'P'R'''R(T(X(Z())ةs\XTDDDDhI#CJOJQJaJnHtHh hI#-hc,hI#B*CJOJQJaJnHphtH<jhahI#B*CJOJQJUaJnHphtH-hQhI#B*CJOJQJaJnHphtH6jhQhI#B*CJOJQJUaJnHphtH$h:<hI#CJOJQJaJnHtH$hQhI#CJOJQJaJnHtH'hc,hI#5CJOJQJaJnHtH))..22222303334577®vZCZ-hQhI#B*CJOJQJaJnHphtH6jhQhI#B*CJOJQJUaJnHphtH$h:<hI#CJOJQJaJnHtH!hI#5CJOJQJaJnHtH'hc,hI#5CJOJQJaJnHtH'hhI#5CJOJQJaJnHtHhc,hI#5CJOJQJaJhI#$hQhI#CJOJQJaJnHtH+jhI#0JCJOJQJUaJnHtH034r9"\.\ccFdeghhDjmNpZpppp$ dh`a$gdI#$dh@&a$gdI#$dh[$\$`a$gdI#$$dh@&[$\$a$gdI#$dh`a$gdI#7P8R8r9T \"\.\``cccFdZdhhhh(hmmNpZp̹zmbTLb?b?bh:<hI#0JCJaJhI#CJaJjhI#0JCJUaJh:<hI#CJaJh:<hI#0JCJaJhc,hI#5CJaJ#jhI#0JCJOJQJUaJhI#hI#CJOJQJaJh-PhI#CJOJQJaJU$hQhI#CJOJQJaJnHtH6jhQhI#B*CJOJQJUaJnHphtH-hc,hI#B*CJOJQJaJnHphtH 8:0@4> ?>?KB0;AO >1J548=8BL 2 A2>59 B5>@88 B@C4>2>9 AB>8<>AB8 @07=>GB5=8O 2 >?@545;5=8OE AB>8<>AB8 !<8B0, !MO 8 0;LBCA0. @0240, >= >B@8F0; >?@545;5=85 AB>8<>AB8 ?>;57=>ABLN, 2AB@5G0NI55AO C !MO (MB> 1K;> 1K 25@=>, 5A;8 1K AB>8<>ABL B>20@>2 @53C;8@>20;0AL B>;L:> ?>B@518B5;O<8), => ?@87=020; 2;8O=85 D0:B>@0 @54:>AB8 (AB>8<>ABL B>20@>2 2>7@0AB05B 2A;54AB285 8E @54:>AB8). 'B> 65 :0A05BAO >?@545;5=8O AB>8<>AB8 8745@6:0<8, B>, B@0:BCO <0B5@80;L=K5 8745@6:8 :0: =0:>?;5==K9 B@C4, 8:0@4> A2>48; 53> : >?@545;5=8N AB>8<>AB8 70B@0B0<8 B@C40. "0:8< >1@07><, 8:0@4> 2K45;O; 2A5 D0:B>@K, 2;8ONI85 =0 AB>8<>ABL, => ?KB0;AO A25AB8 8E 2 :>=5G=>< AG5B5 : 548=><C ?5@2>8AB>G=8:C  B@C4C. 725AB=K9 H254A:89 M:>=><8AB . N@40;L >1JOA=O; MB> B5<, GB> 8:0@4> 8AE>48; 87 AB0@>3> <5B0D878G5A:>3> AB@5<;5=8O =09B8 8AB8==CN AB>8<>ABL  =5GB> B0:>5, GB> =5>1E>48<> 8 ?>AB>O==>, 0 =5 A;CG09=> 8 ?@5E>4OI5 (:0: F5=0 8;8 <5=>20O AB>8<>ABL), =5GB> B0:>5, GB> 4>;6=> 1KBL  A;>2><, =5GB> B0:>5, GB> O2;O5BAO 1>;55 @50;L=K<, G5< A0<0 @50;L=>ABL. & & & & .  =0:>=5F, 8:0@4> CB>G=O5B B5@<8=>;>38N !<8B0, C?>B@51;O2H53> A;>2> AB>8<>ABL 4;O @07;8G=KE M:>=><8G5A:8E A8BC0F89. 40< !<8B,  ?8A0; >=,  :>B>@K9 B0: ?@028;L=> >?@545;8; :>@5==>9 8AB>G=8: <5=>2>9 AB>8<>AB8, >:070;AO =5?>A;54>20B5;L=K<. <5AB> B>3>, GB>1K AB@>3> 45@60BLAO ?@8=F8?0, 2 A8;C :>B>@>3> AB>8<>ABL ?@54<5B>2 C25;8G8205BAO 8;8 C<5=LH05BAO 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B C25;8G5=8O 8;8 C<5=LH5=8O 70B@0G5==>3> =0 =8E B@C40, >= 2K428=C; 5I5 4@C3CN AB0=40@B=CN <5@C AB>8<>AB8 8 3>2>@8B > ?@54<5B0E, AB>OI8E 1>;LH5 8;8 <5=LH5, A<>B@O ?> B><C, =0 1>;LH55 8;8 <5=LH55 :>;8G5AB2> B0:8E AB0=40@B=KE <5@ >=8 >1<5=820NBAO. >MB><C 8:0@4> ?@54;0305B =07K20BL AB>8<>ABL, >?@545;O5<CN 70B@0B0<8 B@C40, 01A>;NB=>9, 0 AB>8<>ABL, 8AG8A;O5<CN ?>;CG5==K<8 2 >1<5= B>20@0<8, >B=>A8B5;L=>9. AA;54CO >B=>A8B5;L=CN AB>8<>ABL, >= C:07K205B, GB> >=0 7028A8B >B 87<5=5=8O 01A>;NB=KE AB>8<>AB59 >1>8E B>20@>2, CG0AB2CNI8E 2 >1<5=5, 0 5A;8 @5GL 845B > F5=5, B> >B 01A>;NB=KE AB>8<>AB59 B>20@0 8 45=53. & & & . 3. "5>@8O AB>8<>AB8 2 B@C40E . 0@:A0 0@; 0@:A (1818 1883, 5@<0=8O), @>48;AO 2 A5<L5 042>:0B0, >:>=G8; 38<=078N, 70B5< 5@;8=A:89 C=825@A8B5B, 70I8B8; 4>:B>@A:CN 48AA5@B0F8N, @01>B0; 3;02=K< @540:B>@>< 3075BK, 40;55 70=8<0;AO B>;L:> =0CG=>9 @01>B>9. A=>2=K< 8 A0<K< 8725AB=K< M:>=><8G5A:8< B@C4>< .0@:A0 O2;O5BAO 0?8B0; 5@5A:070BL A>45@60=85 0?8B0;0 =52>7<>6=> D878G5A:8. >?KB05<AO ?>=OBL :@0B:>5 A>45@60=85 :064>3> B><0 8 =5:>B>@KE A0<KE 206=KE M:>=><8G5A:8E :0B53>@89 8 ?>=OB89. 0?8B0; A>AB>8B 87 4 B><>2: 1-9 B><. AA;54C5BAO ?@>F5AA ?@>872>4AB20 :0?8B0;0 2 CA;>28OE A2>1>4=>9 :>=:C@5=F88. =0;87 :0?8B0;8AB8G5A:8E >B=>H5=89 .0@:A =0G8=05B A B>20@0 8 405B 53> ?>;=K9 0=0;87 :0: M:>=><8G5A:>9 :0B53>@88, 40;55 >= @0AA<0B@8205B AB>8<>ABL B>20@0 8 :0: AB>8<>ABL A>>B=>A8BAO A F5=>9. >A;5 MB>3> .0@:A 405B B5>@8N ?@8102>G=>9 AB>8<>AB8 (AB>8<>ABL, :>B>@CN ?@>872>48B =05<=K9 @01>G89, 1>;LH5, G5< 53> 70@01>B=0O ?;0B0), 70B5< ?>4@>1=> 0=0;878@C5B 70@01>B=CN ?;0BC (@50;L=CN 8 =><8=0;L=CN), 22>48B 2 M:>=><8G5A:CN =0C:C ?>=OB85 ?>AB>O==>3> 8 ?5@5<5==>3> :0?8B0;0, >G5=L G5B:> >?@545;O5B, GB> B0:>5 45=L38 (>A>1K9 B>20@, 8;8 B>20@ >A>1>3> @>40), 8 ?>4@>1=> 0=0;878@C5B DC=:F88 45=53. !?5F80;L=0O 3;020 ?>A2OI5=0 ?5@2>=0G0;L=><C =0:>?;5=8N :0?8B0;0. > 2-< B><5 .0@:A @0AA<0B@8205B 42865=85 :0?8B0;0, 53> >1>@>B 8 :@C3>>1>@>B. G5=L ?>4@>1=> 0=0;878@C5B AE5<K ?@>AB>3> 8 @0AH8@5==>3> ?@>872>4AB20 2>48B ?>=OB8O 42CE ?>4@0745;5=89 >1I5AB25==>3> ?@>872>4AB20: ?@>872>4AB2> A@54AB2 ?@>872>4AB20 8 ?@>872>4AB2> ?@54<5B>2 ?>B@51;5=8O, A>>B=>H5=85 <564C =8<8. & & & & . .' >42>4O 8B>3 @01>BK <>6=> A45;0BL A;54CNI85 2K2>4K: .!<8B ?@845@6820;AO 8 >BAB0820; B@C4>2CN B5>@8N AB>8<>AB8. = AG8B0;, ?@>872>48B5;L=K9 B@C4 8 5ABL >A=>2=>9 8AB>G=8: 1>30BAB20. A;8 @5GL 845B > B>20@=>< ?@>872>4AB25, B> B>;L:> B>B B@C4, :>B>@K9 A>7405B =5:CN F5==>ABL, O2;O5BAO ?@>872>48B5;L=K<. A;8 B@C4 =5 A>7405B F5==>ABL 8;8 AB>8<>ABL (=0?@8<5@, 2 4><0H=5< E>7O9AB25), B> >= =5 O2;O5BAO ?@>872>48B5;L=K<. "@C4>20O B5>@8O AB>8<>AB8 ?>72>;8;0 . 8:0@4> 4>AB8GL 2K40NI8EAO CA?5E>2 2 0=0;875 48DD5@5=F80;L=>9 @5=BK. <5AB5 A B5< =5@0728B>ABL MB>9 B5>@88 (?@5645 2A53> A<5H5=85 AB>8<>AB8 8 F5=K ?@>872>4AB20), <5B0D878G5A:89 E0@0:B5@ ?@8<5=5=8O 55 2 :0G5AB25 <5B>40 8AA;54>20=8O ?@825;8 : =5@07@01>B0==>AB8 8;8 >H81>G=>AB8 @O40 @0745;>2 53> B5>@88 @5=BK. 06=KE @57C;LB0B>2 4>AB83 . 8:044> 8 2 0=0;875 70@01>B=>9 ?;0BK 4>E>40 @01>G53> :;0AA0.  745AL >1=0@C68205BAO :0: =0CG=0O ?@02><5@=>ABL, B0: 8 =0CG=0O =54>AB0B>G=>ABL ?@8<5=O5<>3> 8< <5B>40. A=>2=K< 8 A0<K< 8725AB=K< M:>=><8G5A:8< B@C4>< .0@:A0 O2;O5BAO 0?8B0; 5@5A:070BL A>45@60=85 0?8B0;0 =52>7<>6=> D878G5A:8. >?KB05<AO ?>=OBL :@0B:>5 A>45@60=85 :064>3> B><0 8 =5:>B>@KE A0<KE 206=KE M:>=><8G5A:8E :0B53>@89 8 ?>=OB89. "@0:B>2:0 AB>8<>AB8, >A=>20==0O =0 87<5@5=88 B@C4>2KE 70B@0B, O2;O5BAO, ?> 0@:AC, 548=AB25==> ?@028;L=>9, =5A<>B@O =0 B> GB> 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B A?@>A0 8 ?@54;>65=8O F5=0 B>20@0 <>65B @0AB8 8;8 A=860BLAO >B=>A8B5;L=> AB>8<>AB8. !! !, " "# + 0@B5=52 !.. AB>@8O M:>=><8G5A:8E CG5=89: #G51=8:.  .: .@8AB, 2002. >A?><8=0=8O > . 0@:A5 8 $. -=35;LA5. '. 2. / =AB8BCB <0@:A87<0-;5=8=87<0 ?@8 & !!. 3-5 874., 4>?. .: >;8B8740B, 1988 AB>@8O M:>=><8G5A:8E CG5=89: #G51=8: / >4. @54. . 2B>=><>20.  .: $ -, 2008. >28:>2 .. AB>@8O M:>=><8G5A:8E CG5=89. #G51=K9 :C@A.  .: >@<0. 2009 8:0@4> . !>G8=5=8O. ". 1. .: >A?>;8B8740B, 1955. !<8B . AA;54>20=85 > ?@8@>45 8 ?@8G8=0E 1>30BAB20 =0@>4>2. .: HYPERLINK "http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE_%28%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%29" \o "-:A<> (8740B5;LAB2>)"-:A<>, 2007. 960 A. /430@>2 /.!. AB>@8O M:>=><8G5A:8E CG5=89: #G51=8:.  4-5 874.  .: $ -, 2008.  !<8B . AA;54>20=85 > ?@8@>45 8 ?@8G8=0E 1>30BAB20 =0@>4>2. .: HYPERLINK "http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE_%28%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%29" \o "-:A<> (8740B5;LAB2>)"-:A<>, 2007. !. 256  /430@>2 /.!. AB>@8O M:>=><8G5A:8E CG5=89: #G51=8:.  4-5 874.  .: $ -, 2008. !. 189  "0< 65 !. 245  AB>@8O M:>=><8G5A:8E CG5=89: #G51=8: / >4. @54. . 2B>=><>20.  .: $ -, 2008. !. 163     Zppppssswyyyz{{{{t||~~~ථq\M>2>hI#B*CJaJphh<6hI#B*CJaJphhc,hI#B*CJaJph)hc,hI#0JB*CJOJQJaJphhc,hI#5CJOJQJaJhI#5CJOJQJaJ hFshI#B*CJ]aJphhFshI#B*CJaJphhI#CJaJhFshI#CJaJhI#CJOJQJaJ$hFshI#CJOJQJaJnHtHhFshI#CJOJQJaJhFshI#5CJOJQJaJpsw{{{t|t} ~~rrr!$ & F ndh[$\$^`a$gdI#$ & F ndh^`a$gdI#$dh@&a$gdI#gdI#!$ & F dh[$\$^`a$gdI#$ & F dh^`a$gdI# ~ 8ڄgdI#$ n[$\$a$gdI#$dh`a$gdI#!$ & F ndh[$\$^`a$gdI#$ & F n-DM ^`a$gdI#~ . 6ځ܁npЃ҃̽̌}yleXMEAEhjhUhFshB*phhFshB*]ph hFshjhFsh0JUhI#h:<hI#CJOJQJaJhI#B*CJaJph$hI#hI#0J>*B*CJaJph hI#hI#jhI#hI#UhI#hI#B*CJaJphh<6hI#B*CJaJph h<6hI#B*CJ]aJph%h<6hI#B*CJOJQJaJph҃܃ރ؄ڄ܄ބ۲۟hI#jh OUh OhFshCJOJQJaJ)jhFsh0JCJOJQJUaJ hFshjhFsh0JUhhFshB*phjhUhFsh0JB*ph,1h. A!"R#n$n% }DyK _Toc278104625}DyK _Toc278104625}DyK _Toc278104626}DyK _Toc278104626}DyK _Toc278104627}DyK _Toc278104627}DyK _Toc278104628}DyK _Toc278104628}DyK _Toc278104629}DyK _Toc278104629}DyK _Toc278104630}DyK _Toc278104630DyK xbookyK (http://gallery.economicus.ru/cgi-ise/gallery/frame_rightn.pl?type=school&links=./in/smith/works/works1&name=classic&img=works_small.gifyX;H,]ą'cT`T I#1KG=K9 d CJOJQJ_HaJmHsHtH ^@^ I# 03>;>2>: 1$<@&5CJ KH OJQJ\^JaJ BA@B A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0Xi@X 1KG=0O B01;8F04 l4a .k@. 5B A?8A:0>U`> I# 8?5@AAK;:0>*B*^Jph*o* I#>?@54-5^J&o& I#:04@K^JDo"D I#List Paragraph ^m$fof I# TOC Heading$@& %B*CJKHOJPJQJ^JaJph6_8`8 I# 3;02;5=85 1db^`Rb I# 1KG=K9 (251)ddd[$\$CJOJPJQJaJtH6&`a6 I# =0: A=>A:8H*^JF`rF I# "5:AB A=>A:8 dCJaJT/T I#Footnote Text CharOJQJ_HmHsHtH .o. I# 2K45;5=85^J7"1k{1 qDZ\]_h%6u4Fm"  fkS !""##%&&&%'(*,,,,s--.I.U////01&1111111111110000000000000000_0_0_ 0_ 0_ 0_ 0_0_00F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F00k0k0k0k0k0k00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00& 0& 0& 0&0&0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,00@0@0@0@00@00@00@00@000DZ\]_h%6u4Fm"  fkS !""##%&&&%'(*,,,,s--.I.U///10> 0=0;0000 00^0^0^ 0^ 0^ 0^ 0^0^ 00E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E 00j0j0j0j0j0j 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  00& 0& 0& 0&0& 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,000D  )7Zp~҃ !"#$&')CFGl03p~%(DEH'(FPlnoq#?ABDb8TWXZ c (.=/C/1 X%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕ̕XXXEX# _Toc278104625i00506i00509 _Toc278104626i00573i00575i00577i00580i00582i00586i00593i00594i00595i00597i00600 _Toc278104627i00608i00610i00612i00615 _Toc278104628i00673i00684i00685i00686i00688i00689i00690i00691i00692i00693i00694i00697 _Toc278104629 _Toc278104630_G )xk W###$$$$$$%A&&,1  !"gl )x) W###$$$$$$%A&&,1&<C$'z}BI(()) **..4.A.>/C/U/\//00001111111111111568902f #j%A&C&----/S1T1U1V11111111111111%6Fm+S,,^-s--./111%1~111111111111111866"K~Nl'9F{g~ -^-`PJ^Jo(.^`^J. L^ `L^J. ^ `^J.m^m`^J.=L^=`L^J. ^ `^J.^`^J.L^`L^J.^`^J.e^e`^J.5 L^5 `L^J.^`^J.^`^J.L^`L^J.u^u`^J.E^E`^J.L^`L^J.^`^Jo(.^`^J.pL^p`L^J.@ ^@ `^J.^`^J.L^`L^J.^`^J.^`^J.PL^P`L^J.F{gK~N86 <'&lBcZW^j8NLTadj0R V ,  Iu r+ \ z / :Ia,2g>YLv^cC|hyi%Oomk$E  I# $8$8P$~&M'FU()*+ni+$/4/`/|0'L1A1-2H?k?pAaCQEiE|F0HpM OGOuOPQ05Qe_Q R]%RNS~SrT_UzUO8WjJXUX*Y_YZEZxZ=[R[ \\%p] ^kt^)w^4bce4i1~j.k>!laElm%o9o@oppmq^su-uQwGJxQpyw$z]{{n |`|^ }U}Y~O#9m:Nz46@yX_};|TfA\6`\.U,.:N".f"8@bFK~eRTwO4Im*2u8]*'K{4S{cs}+*i9o&`?qDx:4 %K+JoX .v|`e\!a qk~[@[[D [[@ 1`` ``6`TUnknownG:Ax Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Cx Arial7&@ Calibri7K@Cambria"1h(V(VYn4//2HX ?w2DenisDenis   Oh+'0l  ( 4 @LT\dDenis Normal.dotDenis3Microsoft Office Word@@B@z_(՜.+,D՜.+,0 hp|  V/'   T 8@ _PID_HLINKSA <+V-http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE_%28%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%29{*http://gallery.economicus.ru/cgi-ise/gallery/frame_rightn.pl?type=school&links=./in/ricardo/works/ricardo_w1.txt&name=classic&img=works.jpg{@'http://gallery.economicus.ru/cgi-ise/gallery/frame_rightn.pl?type=school&links=./in/smith/works/works1&name=classic&img=works_small.gif{< {_Toc278104630<{_Toc278104629<{_Toc278104628<{_Toc278104627<{_Toc278104626<{_Toc278104625+Vhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE_%28%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%29{  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijkmnopqrsuvwxyz{~Root Entry FѡData J1TableR2WordDocument.SummaryInformation(lDocumentSummaryInformation8tCompObjq  F Microsoft Office Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q