ࡱ> xzw`bjbjss.M1d:4 "$z$D$Z!\!\!\!\!\!\!$/#h%b!E!!:::^Z!:Z!:::. , n $,{H2Z l!0 "d R%4% % $":&:!!0  "DRR 16048@>20O M:>=><8:0:>=B@>;L=0O B5<0 14>=B@>;L=0O #212007700 >>@48=0BK: M;5:B@>==0O ?>GB0  HYPERLINK "mailto:acher@wiseowl.ru" acher@wiseowl.ru,  HYPERLINK "mailto:ancher77@mail.ru" ancher77@mail.ru Icq 170552870, B5;5D>= 89168119086. www.wiseowl.ru !>45@60=85  TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178164429" 2545=85  PAGEREF _Toc178164429 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178164430" 1. 5<>3@0D8G5A:>5 @0728B85 <8@0  PAGEREF _Toc178164430 \h 4  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178164431" 2. >AB =0A5;5=8O 8 M:>=><8G5A:89 @>AB  PAGEREF _Toc178164431 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178164432" 3. 5<>3@0D8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0  PAGEREF _Toc178164432 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178164433" 0:;NG5=85  PAGEREF _Toc178164433 \h 20  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178164434" !?8A>: ;8B5@0BC@K  PAGEREF _Toc178164434 \h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lnxz~ " $ D F J L r & ( > ϻޮzlh/CJOJQJ^JaJh'CJOJQJ^JaJ$jhjF(h'B*UphhVWh'B*phh'B*phjh'B*UphhjF(h'0Jjh'Ujh'U h@ h'h' h,Yh,YCJOJQJ^JaJh,Yh,YOJQJ^J( .Vnz & ( >  \   $ dhgd/$ dh-DM `a$gd/$a$gd'Ff$1$7$8$H$Ifgd,Y> @ n p r t 꼤jR6R7jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu.h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHuFjh~Ah/>*B*CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHphu+h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu/h~Ah/0JCJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu8jh~Ah/0JCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJ)jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJ     B D F H ƱƔ~f~fBf**.h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHuFjh~Ah/>*B*CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHphu/h~Ah/0JCJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu+h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu8jh~Ah/0JCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu(h/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu7jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu:j&h~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu   Z \ ^ ƱƔ~f~fBf**.h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHuFjh~Ah/>*B*CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHphu/h~Ah/0JCJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu+h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu8jh~Ah/0JCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu(h/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu7jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu:j h~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu    N ƱƔ~f~fBf**.h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHuFjh~Ah/>*B*CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHphu/h~Ah/0JCJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu+h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu8jh~Ah/0JCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu(h/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu7jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu:jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHuN P R V X Z \ ^ ` ƱƔ~f~fBf**.h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHuFj h~Ah/>*B*CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHphu/h~Ah/0JCJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu+h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu8jh~Ah/0JCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu(h/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu7jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu:j h~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu 468:\^`ƱƔ~f~fBf**.h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHuFj h~Ah/>*B*CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHphu/h~Ah/0JCJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu+h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu8jh~Ah/0JCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu(h/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu7jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu:j h~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHupƱƔ~i[J7 ,hq:Th/0J6B*CJOJQJaJph%hq:Th/B*CJOJQJaJph h6h/CJOJQJ^JaJh/CJOJQJ^JaJ)jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJ+h~Ah/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu8jh~Ah/0JCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu(h/CJOJQJ^JaJmHnHu7jh~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu:j h~Ah/CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu $dh`a$gd/$ dh-DM `a$gd/ z|8:Z\DFPVHJ####F$H$))ͷ~oh/5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h=h/5CJOJQJ^JaJ hJ:h/CJOJQJ^JaJh/CJOJQJ^JaJh/CJaJh+6h/CJaJh6h/CJaJhvh/CJaJ%hq:Th/B*CJOJQJaJph(hq:Th/6B*CJOJQJaJph+   $ dh-DM `a$gd/"$ & F NSdh[$\$^`Sa$gd/$Sdh[$\$`Sa$gd/ dh`gd/XJ!$(....6/2377$ dh-DM `a$gd/$ dh-DM `a$gd/$dh`a$gd/$ dh-DM `a$gd/)Z*\*--&.(.t.v.z.........11227788XZZd^f^aJaaaaaaaỪ᪘usuuuuuU hNGh/CJOJQJ^JaJ#h$`h/5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h=h/5CJOJQJ^JaJ h=h/CJOJQJ^JaJh/ ha"bh/CJOJQJ^JaJ h+M~h/CJOJQJ^JaJh/CJOJQJ^JaJ hJ:h/CJOJQJ^JaJ&5 @0728B85 A@02=820NB B5<?K @>AB0 =0A5;5=8O 8  =0 4CHC =0A5;5=8O. 0==K5 ?>A;54=8E 45AOB8;5B89 ?>:07K20NB, GB>, 70 @O4>< 8A:;NG5=89, ?>2KH5=85 C@>2=O M:>=><8G5A:>3> @0728B8O G0AB> A>>B=>A8BAO A =87:8< :>MDD8F85=B>< 2>A?@>872>4AB20 =0A5;5=8O 8 1>;55 2KA>:>9 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>ABLN 687=8. 0: ?>:07K20NB 40==K5 B01;. 4, 70 80-90-5 3>4K B5<?K ?@8@>AB0  =0 4CHC =0A5;5=8O 2 <8@5 C25;8G820;8AL ?@8 A>:@0I5=88 ?@8@>AB0 =0A5;5=8O 2 90-5 3>4K. >4>1=0O B5=45=F8O >B<5G0;0AL 2 @072820NI8EAO AB@0=0E 2 F5;>< 8 >A>15==> O@:> 2 =08<5=55 @0728BKE AB@0=0E.  B> 65 2@5<O 2 ?@><KH;5==> @0728BKE AB@0=0E =5:>B>@>5 A=865=85 B5<?>2 ?@8@>AB0 =0A5;5=8O A 0,6 4> 0,5 =5 A>?@>2>640;>AL ?>2KH5=85< ?>4CH52>3> . >E>60O A8BC0F8O >B<5G0;0AL 2 3@C??5 AB@0= A =87:8< C@>2=5< 4>E>40.  4@C38E AB@0=0E ?@8@>AB =0A5;5=8O <>3 84B8 ?0@0;;5;L=> A C25;8G5=85< 4>E>4>2 =0 4CHC =0A5;5=8O. ;O @O40 AB@0= A =54>AB0B>G=K< C@>2=5< @0728B8O ?@>1;5<0 @>AB0 =0A5;5=8O O2;O5BAO >AB@>9 2 ?;0=5 ?>445@60=8O <8=8<0;L=KE ?>B@51=>AB59.  80-5 3>4K B5<?K ?@8@>AB0  =0 4CHC =0A5;5=8O 2 154=59H8E @072820NI8EAO AB@0=0E 8<5;8 >B@8F0B5;L=CN 48=0<8:C. >MB><C 2 :@0B:>A@>G=>< ?;0=5 4;O F5;>3> @O40 AB@0= ?@8@>AB =0A5;5=8O A>2?040; A CEC4H5=85< A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>3> ?>;>65=8O [2, A.252]. "01;8F0 4 "5<?K @>AB0 =0A5;5=8O 8  (?> !) & & & 0A5;5=85 <8@0 @0AB5B 1KAB@>, => <8@>2>9 ?@>4C:B C25;8G8205BAO 1KAB@55 8 ?>:07K205B A?>A>1=>ABL <8@>2>3> >1I5AB20 @072820BL ?@>872>48B5;L=K5 A8;K. >AB =0A5;5=8O =5 O2;O5BAO ?@>1;5<>9, 5A;8 M:>=><8G5A:85 8 A>F80;L=K5 87<5=5=8O ?@>8AE>4OB 4>AB0B>G=> 1KAB@>, 5A;8 >15A?5G8205BAO =5>1E>48<K9 B5E=8G5A:89 ?@>3@5AA. > 1KAB@K9 @>AB =0A5;5=8O 2 ?>A;54=85 45AOB8;5B8O 45;05B AB@C:BC@=K5 87<5=5=8O 1>;55 B@C4=K<8, GB> 1>;LH59 G0ABLN 2K7K205BAO 154=>ABLN. -B> B@51C5B F5;5=0?@02;5==>9 ?>;8B8:8 ?@028B5;LAB2 8 <8@>2>3> A>>1I5AB20 ?> ?>2KH5=8N C@>2=O M:>=><8G5A:>3> 8 A>F80;L=>3> @0728B8O, ;8:2840F88 45AB018;878@CNI8E @07@K2>2 <564C ?@><KH;5==> @0728BK<8 8 @072820NI8<8AO AB@0=0<8. 3. 5<>3@0D8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0 "@C4=>AB8 2 A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>< @0728B88 AB@0= <8@>2>9 ?5@8D5@88 A?>A>1AB2>20;8 @>ABC ?@8>@8B5B=>AB8 45<>3@0D8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8, B.5. F5;5=0?@02;5==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 2 AD5@5 @53C;8@>20=8O 45<>3@0D8G5A:8E ?@>F5AA>2. -B><C A>459AB2>20;0 B0:65 ?>78F8O @0728BKE AB@0= 0?040, :>B>@K5 AG8B0NB, GB> :>=B@>;L =04 @>AB>< =0A5;5=8O O2;O5BAO =5>1E>48<K< CA;>285< A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>3> @0728B8O.  A>2<5AB=>< :><<N=8:5 3;02 3>AC40@AB2 8 ?@028B5;LAB2 254CI8E 70?04=KE AB@0= 2 %LNAB>=5 2 1990 3. >B<5G0;>AL, GB> CAB>9G82>5 @0728B85 2 @O45 AB@0= B@51C5B, GB>1K @>AB =0A5;5=8O =0E>48;AO 2 @07C<=>< 10;0=A5 A M:>=><8G5A:8<8 @5AC@A0<8, 0 A>E@0=5=85 MB>3> 10;0=A0 O2;O5BAO ?@8>@8B5B>< AB@0=, ?>445@6820NI8E M:>=><8G5A:>5 @0728B85. 5<>3@0D8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0, 1C4CG8 G0ABLN A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8, =5 2A5340 ?@>O2;O5BAO G5B:>. ! =081>;LH59 >?@545;5==>ABLN >=0 ?@>2>48BAO, :>340 55 ?@O<>9 F5;LN 2KABC?05B 2>7459AB285 =0 45<>3@0D8G5A:>5 @0728B85. 5<>3@0D8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0 >:07K205B 2;8O=85 =0 425 AB>@>=K @5?@>4C:B82=>3> ?>2545=8O =0A5;5=8O: =0 @50;870F8N ?>B@51=>AB8 2 45BOE 8 =0 D>@<8@>20=85 ?>B@51=>AB8 C ;8G=>AB8 8 A5<L8 2 B0:>< :>;8G5AB25 45B59, :>B>@>5 A>>B25BAB2>20;> 1K 8=B5@5A0< >1I5AB20. -B> 4>AB8305BAO M:>=><8G5A:8<8, 04<8=8AB@0B82=>-N@848G5A:8<8 8 A>F80;L=>-?A8E>;>38G5A:8<8 <5@0<8. %0@0:B5@=>9 G5@B>9 B0:8E <5@ O2;O5BAO 8E 4>;3>2@5<5==>ABL 2 A8;C B>3>, GB> 45<>3@0D8G5A:8< ?@>F5AA0< A2>9AB25==0 7=0G8B5;L=0O 8=5@F8>==>ABL, >?@545;O5<0O CAB>9G82>ABLN AB0=40@B>2 45<>3@0D8G5A:>3> ?>2545=8O. A>15==>ABL ?@54?@8=8<05<KE <5@ 70:;NG05BAO 2 8E 2>7459AB288 =0 48=0<8:C 45<>3@0D8G5A:8E ?@>F5AA>2 ?@58<CI5AB25==> =5 ?@O<>, 0 >?>A@54AB2>20==>, G5@57 ?>2545=85 G5;>25:0. B=>H5=85 : 45<>3@0D8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:5 =5>48=0:>2> 2 @07;8G=KE ?>4A8AB5<0E 8 AB@0=0E 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B C@>2=O 8E M:>=><8G5A:>3> @0728B8O 8 MB0?0 45<>3@0D8G5A:>3> ?5@5E>40. & & & >;8B8:0 @0728BKE AB@0=. B=>H5=85 2 70?04=KE AB@0=0E : A>1AB25==><C 45<>3@0D8G5A:><C @0728B8N >?@545;O5BAO :0: =59B@0;L=>5, 2:;NG0NI55 A>1;N45=85 ?@02 G5;>25:0. => ?@54?>;0305B 8A:;NG5=85 @5?@5AA82=KE <5@, ?@52>AE>4AB2> 8=48284C0;L=>3> @5H5=8O. >;LH8=AB2> @0728BKE AB@0= : =87:>9 @>6405<>AB8 >B=>AOBAO =5>?@545;5==>. >;8B8:0 ?> C25;8G5=8N @>6405<>AB8 >B<5G0;0AL 2> $@0=F88, @5F88, N:A5<1C@35. -B> =5 >7=0G05B, GB> ?@028B5;LAB20 70?04=KE AB@0= =5 8<5NB 45<>3@0D8G5A:8E F5;59. !:>@55 2A53> >=8 =5 2K@060NB 8E 2 O2=>< 2845. 0:;NG5=85 >42>4O 8B>38 @01>BK, <>65< A45;0BL A;54CNI85 2K2>4K: >AB =0A5;5=8O 845B =0@0AB0NI8<8 B5<?0<8. 0 1950-2000 33. >=> C25;8G8;>AL 2 2,4 @070 - A 2,5 4> 6,1 <;@4 G5;>25:. >AB =0A5;5=8O 2 <8@5 =5 1K; ?;02=K<.  >B45;L=KE AB@0=0E 8 @538>=0E >= CA:>@O;AO, 2 4@C38E >AB020;AO =587<5==K< 8;8 A>:@0I0;AO. 081>;55 2KA>:85 B5<?K ?@8@>AB0 =0A5;5=8O >B<5G0NBAO 2 AB@0=0E !@54=53> >AB>:0 8 D@8:8. A=>2=K5 ?@8@>ABK =0A5;5=8O >15A?5G820NBAO @072820NI8<8AO AB@0=0<8.  ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=5 50-E 3>4>2 >=8 >15A?5G8;8 79%, 0 2> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 90-E 3>4>2 - 97% ?@8@>AB0 <8@>2>9 G8A;5==>AB8 =0A5;5=8O. >;55 ?>;>28=K (60%) ?@8@>AB0 =0A5;5=8O 40NB 10 AB@0= ( , =48O, =4>=578O, @078;8O, 0:8AB0=, 0=3;045H, 835@8O 8 4@.). >;O ?@><KH;5==> @0728BKE AB@0= 2 <8@>2>9 G8A;5==>AB8 =0A5;5=8O A>:@0I05BAO. AB5AB25==K9 ?@8@>AB >G5=L =87:89. -B> A>7405B C3@>7C 45?>?C;OF88 8;8 45<>3@0D8G5A:>3> :@878A0 2 MB8E @09>=0E. @8 >F5=:5 45<>3@0D8G5A:>9 A8BC0F88 2 <8@5, 2>7459AB28O @>AB0 =0A5;5=8O =0 M:>=><8G5A:>5 ?>;>65=85 2 B>9 8;8 8=>9 AB@0=5 206=>5 7=0G5=85 8<5NB =5 B>;L:> >1I0O G8A;5==>ABL 8 ?@8@>AB =0A5;5=8O, => 8 53> 2>7@0AB=0O AB@C:BC@0 - 45;5=85 =0 B@C4>A?>A>1=K5 3@C??K, 45B59 8 ?5=A8>=5@>2, 0 B>G=55, 87<5=5=8O 2 2>7@0AB=>9 AB@C:BC@5 =0A5;5=8O. 1I89 A4283 2 AB@C:BC@5 =0A5;5=8O 2 ?>A;54=59 G5B25@B8 XX 2. A>AB>O; 2 =51>;LH>< C25;8G5=88 AB0@H8E 2>7@0AB>2 (A2KH5 65 ;5B) 8 A>:@0I5=88 <;04H8E (<5=55 15 ;5B). "0: :0: A>:@0I5=85 4>;8 <;04H8E 2>7@0AB>2 1K;> 1>;LH8<, G5< C25;8G5=85 ?5=A8>=5@>2, 4>;O B@C4>A?>A>1=>3> =0A5;5=8O 8<5;0 B5=45=F8N : @0AH8@5=8N. "@C4=>AB8 2 A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>< @0728B88 AB@0= <8@>2>9 ?5@8D5@88 A?>A>1AB2>20;8 @>ABC ?@8>@8B5B=>AB8 45<>3@0D8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8, B.5. F5;5=0?@02;5==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 2 AD5@5 @53C;8@>20=8O 45<>3@0D8G5A:8E ?@>F5AA>2. !?8A>: ;8B5@0BC@K 0;5=B59 .., 20H0 ./. A=>2K 45<>3@0D88. #G51=8: 4;O ABC45=B>2 M:>=><8G5A:8E 2C7>2. - .: KA;L, 2006.  510A. ><0:8= .. 8@>20O M:>=><8:0: #G51=8: 4;O 2C7>2.  ., 20073. - 735c.  HYPERLINK "http://demoscope.ru" http://demoscope.ru 7z||ݥnnWF hJ:h/CJOJQJ^JaJ,hb<-h/B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph h!kh/CJOJQJ^JaJ)hhQh/B*CJOJQJ^JaJph hhQh/CJOJQJ^JaJ#hhQh/5CJOJQJ^JaJ)hRVh/B*CJOJQJ^JaJph hRVh/CJOJQJ^JaJh/h/CJOJQJ^JaJ h$`h/CJOJQJ^JaJtuv"z$z&z(z>zzH}BF!$ & F  dh1$7$8$H$^`a$gd/$dh`a$gd/$ dh-DM `a$gd/frxzԉ։؉о{aPLh/ h/h/CJOJQJ^JaJ3h/h/0J>*B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph2j h/h/CJOJQJU\^JaJ#h/h/CJOJQJ\^JaJ,jh/h/CJOJQJU\^JaJ#h/B*CJOJQJ^JaJph hhQh/CJOJQJ^JaJ hJ:h/CJOJQJ^JaJh/CJOJQJ^JaJ,1h. A!"R#n$n% $$If!v h555h555+555'5[5 #v5#vh#v#v#v+#v5#v'#v[#v :V 4 `````````ZX!6, 5 34pZ{kd$$If4 p n+! `````````ZX!6$$$$34apZDyK acher@wiseowl.ruyK 0mailto:acher@wiseowl.ruDyK ancher77@mail.ruyK 0mailto:ancher77@mail.ru}DyK _Toc178164429}DyK _Toc178164429}DyK _Toc178164430}DyK _Toc178164430}DyK _Toc178164431}DyK _Toc178164431}DyK _Toc178164432}DyK _Toc178164432}DyK _Toc178164433}DyK _Toc178164433}DyK _Toc178164434}DyK _Toc178164434DyK http://demoscope.ruyK *http://demoscope.ru/R@R /1KG=K91$7$8$H$OJQJ^J_HmHsHtHR@R / 03>;>2>: 1$<@&5CJ KH \aJ BA@B A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0Xi@X 1KG=0O B01;8F04 l4a .k@. 5B A?8A:0d^@d / 1KG=K9 (251)dd1$7$8$H$[$\$CJOJQJ^JaJbOb /1KG=K9 (251)2$1$7$8$H$a$CJOJQJ^JaJ0X@0 / K45;5=856]4@4 / 3;02;5=85 1:U@1: / 8?5@AAK;:0 >*B*phxoBx '=0: =0: =0: =0:$dh1$7$8$H$CJOJQJ^JmH sH tH M1+7=@EFJKLOQSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghirFU   , SITptJi(2W[  "#$%&G'K'\)])^)_)j))*,n/F0X001L1O10@ 000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000i0i0i 0i 0i 0i00000000000000000000000000(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(00000000000000)0)0)0)0)0 0/ 0/ 0/0+7=@EFJO1j00j00j00j00j00j00h00h00h00j00h00 00> N )a !"#$%&(+GI7t')*FHj78Xb~.JLMOo/KNOQ161J1M1XX X%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕ̕X _Hlt178164435 _Toc178164429 _Toc178164430 _Toc178164431 _Toc178164432 _Toc178164433 _Toc177583274 _Toc178164434-i t _)F0F0O1@-q+ i)W0W0O1aQ\ӑbQD$?!O1E"O1C*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsmetricconverter  1500 31990 3 ProductID  * *,,X0`0O1OiJ S % 3 -/?@Jmv3)8)* *+.,e-t-t.u...O1JFF0X01L1O1O1JN6{E4S  ^ `o(.S ^`hH.S  L ^ `LhH.S ^`hH.S cc^c`hH.S 3L3^3`LhH.S ^`hH.S ^`hH.S L^`LhH.NN^N`o(. ^`hH. [ L[ ^[ `LhH. + + ^+ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. kk^k`hH. ;L;^;`LhH.6{EJ\N\N|s,Y'/+7=@EFJKLO1@ ؁ @{@KM1pp pppXUnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial5& zaTahoma7&  Verdana"qhƙۼ[)Y[)YYn244141 `HX(?/2Anna ChernenkoAnna Chernenko  Oh+'0h  $ 0 <HPX`Anna Chernenko Normal.dotAnna Chernenko4Microsoft Office Word@ @\@N{H[)՜.+,D՜.+,4 hp  HomeY41   T 8@ _PID_HLINKSA 6K-http://demoscope.ru/ ;& _Toc178164434;  _Toc178164433; _Toc178164432; _Toc178164431; _Toc178164430; _Toc178164429# mailto:ancher77@mail.ru Ylmailto:acher@wiseowl.ru   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJLMNOPQRTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefhijklmnpqrstuvyRoot Entry F7,{H{Data K1TableS &WordDocument.SummaryInformation(gDocumentSummaryInformation8oCompObjq  F Microsoft Office Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q