ࡱ> `bjbjss.5 ?@02>A=>2=K5 :;0AA8D8:0F88 ?>;8B8G5A:8E @568<>2C@A>20O222007800 >>@48=0BK: M;5:B@>==0O ?>GB0  HYPERLINK "mailto:acher@wiseowl.ru" acher@wiseowl.ru,  HYPERLINK "mailto:ancher77@mail.ru" ancher77@mail.ru Icq 170552870, B5;5D>= 89168119086. www.wiseowl.ru !   TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc184353204"   PAGEREF _Toc184353204 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc184353205" ;020 1. >=OB85 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0  PAGEREF _Toc184353205 \h 4  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc184353206" ;020 2. ;0AA8D8:0F8O ?>;8B8G5A:8E @568<>2  PAGEREF _Toc184353206 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc184353207" 2.1. !CI=>ABL 45<>:@0B8G5A:>3> ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0  PAGEREF _Toc184353207 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc184353208" 2.2. A>15==>AB8 B>B0;8B0@=>3> @568<0  PAGEREF _Toc184353208 \h 12  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc184353209" 2.3. 2B>@8B0@=K9 @568<  PAGEREF _Toc184353209 \h 15  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc184353210" .'  PAGEREF _Toc184353210 \h 21  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc184353211" !! !, " "# +  PAGEREF _Toc184353211 \h 22   A=>2=K5 :;0AA8D8:0F88 ?>;8B8G5A:8E @568<>2 - >4=0 87 206=KE 8 0:BC0;L=KE B5< =0 A53>4=OH=89 45=L. "5<0 @01>BK 0:BC0;L=0 ?>B><C, GB> ?>;8B8G5A:89 @568< (2 A0<>< >1I5< ?;0=5) - MB> A>2>:C?=>ABL <5B>4>2 8 A@54AB2 >ACI5AB2;5=8O ?>;8B8G5A:>9 2;0AB8. AA;54>20=85 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0 ?>72>;O5B A>AB028BL @50;L=>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 > @50;870F88 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 2;0AB8, AB5?5=8 A2>1>4 8 ?@02>2>< ?>;>65=88 ;8G=>AB8 2 :>=:@5B=>9 AB@0=5 2 >?@545;5==K9 8AB>@8G5A:89 ?5@8>4 2@5<5=8. "0:, ?>;8B8G5A:89 @568< :>=F0 80-E 33. >B;8G0;AO >B @568<0 70-E-=0G0;0 80-E 33. (B0: =07K205<0O M?>E0 "70AB>O", 0AA>F88@C5<0O A 8<5=5< .. @56=520) 8 B5< 1>;55 >B;8G0;AO >B @568<0, CAB0=>2;5==>3> 2 30-E 33. >4>1=0O M2>;NF8O ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0 >ACI5AB2;O;0AL 2 @0<:0E A>25BA:>9 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 A8AB5<K. :BC0;L=>ABL 8AA;54>20=8O >?@545;8;0 F5;L @01>BK: &5;LN @01>BK O2;O5BAO @0AA<>B@5=85 :;0AA8D8:0F88 ?>;8B8G5A:8E @568<>2. A=>2=K5 7040G8: AA;54>20BL ;8B5@0BC@C ?> ?@>1;5<5 8AA;54>20=8O. 0 >A=>25 B5>@5B8G5A:>3> 0=0;870 87CG5=8O ?@>1;5<K A8AB5<0B878@>20BL 7=0=8O > ?>=OB88 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0. 0AA<>B@5BL ACI=>ABL 8 A?5F8D8:C >A=>2=>9 :;0AA8D8:0F88 ?>;8B8G5A:8E @568<>2. !8AB5<0B878@>20BL 8 >1>1I8BL ACI5AB2CNI85 2 A?5F80;L=>9 ;8B5@0BC@5, =0CG=K5 ?>4E>4K : 40==>9 ?@>1;5<5. ;O @0A:@KB8O B5<K >?@545;5=0 A;54CNI0O AB@C:BC@0: @01>B0 A>AB>8B 87 22545=8O, 42CE 3;02 8 70:;NG5=8O. 0720=8O 3;02 >B>1@0605B 8E A>45@60=85. ;020 1. >=OB85 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0 $C=:F8>=0;L=K9 8 48=0<8G5A:89 0A?5:BK ?>;8B8G5A:>9 A8AB5<K @0A:@K20NBAO 2 ?>;8B8G5A:>< @568<5.  ?>;8B>;>388 ACI5AB2C5B =5A:>;L:> B@0:B>2>: ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0. 1. =AB8BCF8>=0;L=K9 (?>;8B8:>-?@02>2>9) ?>4E>4 >B>645AB2;O5B ?>;8B8G5A:89 @568< A D>@<0<8 ?@02;5=8O 8 3>AC40@AB25==>3> CAB@>9AB20 8 0:F5=B8@C5B 2=8<0=85 =0 D>@<0;L=>-N@848G5A:8E E0@0:B5@8AB8:0E: >A>15==>ABOE @0745;5=8O 3>AC40@AB25==>9 2;0AB8 8 A>>B=>H5=88 <564C 25B2O<8 2;0AB8, =0 B8?0E ?@028B5;LAB25==KE AB@C:BC@. @>A;568205BAO B5=45=F8O >B>645AB2;5=8O ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0 A D>@<>9 ?@02;5=8O. 4=>AB>@>==>ABL ?>4>1=>3> ?>4E>40 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> @50;L=0O ?@0:B8:0 @50;870F88 2;0AB8 <>65B ?@>B82>@5G8BL 70:@5?;5==K< 2 :>=AB8BCF8OE =>@<0<, 0 A0< ?>;8B8G5A:89 @568< ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 1>;55 H8@>:>5 O2;5=85, G5< D>@<0 ?@02;5=8O. @>2>73;0H5==0O @5A?C1;8:0=A:0O D>@<0 ?@02;5=8O 5I5 =5 >7=0G05B CAB0=>2;5=85 @50;L=>9 45<>:@0B88, > G5< A2845B5;LAB2CNB ?@8<5@K !!!  8 5@<0=88 30-E 33. 564C B5< 52@>?59A:85 :>=AB8BCF8>==K5 <>=0@E88 @0AA<0B@820NBAO :0: :;0AA8G5A:85 ?@>O2;5=8O ;815@0;L=>9 45<>:@0B88. & & .. >;8B8G5A:89 @568< 2:;NG05B 2 A51O: ?>;8B8G5A:85 AB@C:BC@K 2;0AB8, 8E @50;L=K9 AB0BCA 8 @>;L 2 >1I5AB25; <5B>4K >ACI5AB2;5=8O 3>AC40@AB25==>9 2;0AB8: :0:8< <5B>40< C?@02;5=8O 8 3>A?>4AB20 >B405BAO ?@54?>GB5=85 - ?@O<K< 8;8 :>A25==K<, =0A8;LAB25==K< 8;8 <5B>40< C15645=8O; @50;L=K9 C@>25=L A2>1>4 G5;>25:0, >1J5< 53> ?@02; <5B>4K 2K@01>B:8 ?>;8B8G5A:8E @5H5=89; A?>A>1K C@53C;8@>20=8O :>=D;8:B>2; ?;N@0;87<, 2 B>< G8A;5 =0;8G85 8;8 >BACBAB285 ;530;L=>9 (=5;530;L=>9) >??>78F88; :>=D83C@0F8N ?0@B89=>9 A8AB5<K: >4=>?0@B89=K5 8;8 <=>3>?0@B89=K5 A8AB5<K; 845>;>38N 8 B> <5AB>, :>B>@>5 >B2>48BAO 59 2 <>18;870F88 >1I5AB20; D>@<K >B=>H5=8O =0A5;5=8O : ?>;8B8G5A:><C CG0AB8N (?>;8B8G5A:0O ?0AA82=>ABL, <>18;87>20==>5 8;8 02B>=><=>5 CG0AB85); B8? ;538B8<=>AB8: E0@87<0B8G5A:89, B@048F8>==K9, @0F8>=0;L=>-;530;L=K9, 845>;>38G5A:89 8 4@.; AB@C:BC@8@>20==>ABL ?@02OI59 M;8BK: AB5?5=L A?;>G5==>AB8, >B:@KB>ABL 8 70:@KB>ABL, :0=0;K @5:@CB8@>20=8O. 568< C:07K205B =0 A>F80;L=CN ?@8@>4C 2;0AB8: :0:85 3@C??K 3>A?>4AB2CNI53> :;0AA0 =0E>4OBAO C 2;0AB8, =0 ?>445@6:C :0:8E A>F80;L=KE A;>52 >?8@05BAO MB0 2;0ABL. KH5=0720==K5 ?@87=0:8 A;C60B :@8B5@8O<8 4;O 2K45;5=8O @07=KE B8?>2 ?>;8B8G5A:8E @568<>2. !?5:B@ ?>;8B8G5A:8E @568<>2 A>2@5<5==>3> <8@0 @0A:@K205BAO 2 B0:8E ?>=OB8OE, :0: 45<>:@0B8O, 02B>@8B0@87< 8 B>B0;8B0@87<. @8 >?@545;5=88 ACI=>AB8 @568<0 0:F5=B 45;05BAO =0 ?@>B82>?>AB02;5=88 3>AC40@AB20, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 8 3@0640=A:>3> >1I5AB20 - A 4@C3>9. %0@0:B5@ 2708<>>B=>H5=89 >?@545;O5BAO A8;>9 ;81> A;01>ABLN 3@0640=A:>3> >1I5AB20.  CA;>28OE 45<>:@0B88 >1I5AB2> 8<55B @KG038 2;8O=8O =0 2;0ABL 2?;>BL 4> 70<5=K =0 >G5@54=KE 2K1>@0E.  =545<>:@0B8G5A:8E @568<0E 3>AC40@AB2> :>=B@>;8@C5B 8 @53;0<5=B8@C5B 3@0640=A:>5 >1I5AB2> ?>;=>ABLN (B>B0;8B0@87<) 8;8 G0AB8G=> (02B>@8B0@87<). >;LH8=AB2> ?>;8B>;>3>2 B@0:BC5B B>B0;8B0@87< :0: A;8O=85 3>AC40@AB20 A 3@0640=A:8< >1I5AB2><, GB> ?@0:B8G5A:8 AB028B ?>4 A><=5=85 A0<C 2>7<>6=>ABL ACI5AB2>20=8O ?>A;54=53>. ;020 2. ;0AA8D8:0F8O ?>;8B8G5A:8E @568<>2 2.1. !CI=>ABL 45<>:@0B8G5A:>3> ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @568<0  ?5@52>45 A 3@5G5A:>3> "45<>:@0B8O" >7=0G05B "2;0ABL =0@>40" (demos - =0@>4, cratos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d f j l F H \ f h ӿⲪۇzpzpjhX5U hX5hDAhX5 hb5$jhjF(hbB*UphhVWhbB*phhbB*phjhbB*UphhjF(hb0Jj hbUjhbU h@ hbhbhbhbCJPJaJhbhbCJPJaJ* . F H ^ ` b d f .  D% dhgdX $dha$gdX$a$gdbFfd$Ifgdbضd~ " $ & ( * , . 0 2 j l n p  : < ߼߱w߱f jhXUmHnHu2jhRhX>*B*UmHnHphu jhXUmHnHujhXUmHnHuhXmHnHu2jhRhX>*B*UmHnHphuhXmHnHuhRhX0JmHnHu$jhRhX0JUmHnHu$< > @     źӑőwźfӑő j hXUmHnHu2jhRhX>*B*UmHnHphuhXmHnHu jhXUmHnHujhXUmHnHuhXmHnHuhRhX0JmHnHu$jhRhX0JUmHnHu2jhRhX>*B*UmHnHphu N6H $ & Fdha$gdX$dh`a$gdX$dha$gdX$ D% dha$gdX  D% dhgdX D% hdh^hgdXRTV  @BDHJLNPRźӑőwźfӑő j hXUmHnHu2jy hRhX>*B*UmHnHphuhXmHnHu j hXUmHnHujhXUmHnHuhXmHnHuhRhX0JmHnHu$jhRhX0JUmHnHu2j hRhX>*B*UmHnHphu &(*,lnpźӑőwźfӑ\TPhXhDAhX5jhX5U j hXUmHnHu2jm hRhX>*B*UmHnHphuhXmHnHu j hXUmHnHujhXUmHnHuhXmHnHuhRhX0JmHnHu$jhRhX0JUmHnHu2js hRhX>*B*UmHnHphuF$H$T$V$$$334b4==FIHITT8TJTWnq qZ~l~PR`tvN֤ؤ^`>@DTVԶضڶƷ!jhhX0JCJUaJ hIhXhX^J_H hKhX hXCJ h9hXCJ U hThX hqhXh!ljhX0JUhXh[?hXCJ :>L$V$$.%~&&4'|' ((>)***+,33d4:$ & F dh^`a$gdX$dh`a$gdX$dha$gdX:==PBEJJLPPQTT`Tqqrs6ttJuuv$ & F + dh^`a$gdX$dha$gdX$dh`a$gd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auctor - 70G8=0B5;L, >A=>20B5;L, B2>@5F 8 auctoritas - <=5=85, @5H5=85, ?@02>) ?>=8<05BAO :0: @568<, A<KA; ?@02;5=8O ?@8 :>B>@>< 70:;NG05BAO 2 :>=F5=B@0F88 2;0AB8 2 @C:0E >4=>3> 8;8 =5A:>;L:8E ;845@>2, =5 C45;ONI8E 2=8<0=8O 4>AB865=8N >1I5AB25==>3> A>3;0A8O >B=>A8B5;L=> ;538B8<=>AB8 8E 2;0AB8. ">B0;8B0@87< 8=>340 @0AA<0B@8205BAO :0: :@09=OO D>@<0 02B>@8B0@=>3> @568<0. > =0;8G85 @O40 >1I8E G5@B (?@>872>; ;845@>2, 7=0G8B5;L=K9 @5?@5AA82=K9 0??0@0B, >3@0=8G5=85 ?@02 G5;>25:0, 8A?>;L7>20=85 A8;K ?@8 @07@5H5=88 :>=D;8:B=KE A8BC0F89, >BACBAB285 @50;L=>3> @0745;5=8O 2;0AB59, D>@<0;L=> A2>1>4=K9 E0@0:B5@ 2K1>@>2 2 70:>=>40B5;L=K5 >@30=K, >BACBAB285 0;LB5@=0B82=>AB8 2K1>@0) =5 405B >A=>20=89 4;O 8E >B>645AB2;5=8O. AB0=>28<AO =0 >B;8G8OE 42CE @568<>2. 1. @8 B>B0;8B0@87<5 ?0@B8O-3535<>= 70?@5I05B 2A5 M;5<5=BK >1I5AB25==>-?>;8B8G5A:>3> ?;N@0;87<0, >??>78F8>==K5 ?0@B88 8 42865=8O. =8F80B820 4>?CA:05BAO B>;L:> 2 @0<:0E A>740==KE "A25@EC" 8 "?0B@>=8@C5<KE" ?0@B859 >1I5AB25==KE >@30=870F89. @8 02B>@8B0@87<5 8<55B <5AB> >3@0=8G5==K9 ?;N@0;87<. @02OI0O 2;0ABL 2 >?@545;5==KE ?@545;0E 4>?CA:05B 8=0:><KA;85 8 ?>4:>=B@>;L=CN >??>78F8N. & & & 5. B<5B8< 5I5 >4=> ?@8=F8?80;L=>5 @07;8G85 @568<>2. 2B>@8B0@=K9 @568< =5 AB@5<8BAO : B>B0;L=><C :>=B@>;N 70 2A5<8 AD5@0<8 687=8, A>E@0=O5B 02B>=><=>ABL ;8G=>AB8 8 >1I5AB20 2 =5?>;8B8G5A:8E AD5@0E. >?CA:0O, :0: ?@028;>, A2>1>4=K5 @K=>G=K5 >B=>H5=8O 2 M:>=><8:5, ?>>I@OO G0AB=>5 ?@54?@8=8<0B5;LAB2>, =5:>B>@K5 A>2@5<5==K5 02B>@8B0@=K5 @568<K 45<>=AB@8@CNB 2KA>:85 B5<?K M:>=><8G5A:>3> @>AB0 (A>2@5<5==K9 8B09, !8=30?C@, .6=0O >@5O, '8;8). "0:8< >1@07><, A>2@5<5==K5 02B>@8B0@=K5 @568<K <>3CB 8<5BL @O4 G5@B ?5@5E>4=>3> @568<0 - 70=8<0BL ?@><56CB>G=>5 ?>;>65=85 <564C 45<>:@0B859 8 B>B0;8B0@87<><. =8 >1;040NB 1>;LH8<8 H0=A0<8, =565;8 B>B0;8B0@87<, 4;O ?5@5E>40 : 45<>:@0B88. 45AL ACI5AB2C5B ?>B5=F80; 4;O ?>;8B8G5A:>9 A0<>>@30=870F88 3@0640=A:>3> >1I5AB20, B.:. C65 ?@>O2;ONBAO =57028A8<K5 >B 3>AC40@AB20 M:>=><8G5A:85 8=B5@5AK, =0 1075 :>B>@KE <>3CB AD>@<8@>20BLAO ?>;8B8G5A:85 8=B5@5AK. @8 ?5@5E>45 >B B>B0;8B0@87<0 : 45<>:@0B88 =5>1E>48<K =5 B>;L:> ?>;8B8G5A:85 @5D>@<K, => 8 :><?;5:A=0O M:>=><8G5A:0O @5D>@<0, B@51CNI0O A>740=8O 8=AB8BCB>2 @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:8, @5D>@<K A>1AB25==>AB8 8 D>@<8@>20=8O =0 MB>9 >A=>25 =>2KE A>F80;L=KE A;>52. 2B>@8B0@87< <>65B ACI5AB2>20BL 2 A0<KE @07=>>1@07=KE D>@<0E.  8AB>@8G5A:>< ?@>H;>< >= 2KABC?0; 2 D>@<5 4@52=8E B8@0=89, 45A?>B89, 01A>;NB=KE <>=0@E89 8 @07;8G=KE 0@8AB>:@0B8G5A:8E @568<>2. AB0=>28<AO =0 B8?>;>388 A>2@5<5==KE D>@< 02B>@8B0@87<0 (=8<. 6).  7028A8<>AB8 >B B>3>, =0 :0:85 A>F80;L=KE 3@C?? 8 8=AB8BCBK >?8@05BAO 2;0ABL, <>6=> 2K45;8BL A;54CNI85 D>@<K 02B>@8B0@=>3> @568<0: & & .. 81@84=K5 @568<K ACI5AB2CNB 2 @07=KE D>@<0E 8 ?>;CG8;8 @07=K5 =0720=8O: "48:B01;0=40" - @568<, 2 :>B>@>< ?@>87>H;0 =5:>B>@0O ;815@0;870F8O, => 157 ?>A;54CNI59 45<>:@0B870F88. %>BO =0A5;5=8N ?@54>AB02;5=K >?@545;5==K5 ?@020, >=> =5 2>2;5G5=> 2 ?>;8B8G5A:CN 687=L, =5B @0728B>3> 3@0640=A:>3> >1I5AB20; "45<>:@0BC@0" - 8<5NBAO M;5<5=BK 45<>:@0B88 (<=>3>?0@B89=>ABL, 0;LB5@=0B82=K5 2K1>@K), => >BACBAB2C5B ;815@0;870F8O. -;5<5=BK 45<>:@0B88 =>AOB D>@<0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@, 0 2K1>@K ?@8720=K 30@0=B8@>20BL ?>154C ?@02OI59 ?0@B88; "45;530B82=0O 45<>:@0B8O" ?@54?>;0305B CAB0=>2;5=85 A8;L=>9 8A?>;=8B5;L=>9 2;0AB8 2> 3;025 A ?@57845=B><. 718@0B5;8 45;538@CNB ?@02> ?@8=8<0BL 206=59H85 @5H5=8O =5 70:>=>40B5;L=><C >@30=C, 0 ?@57845=BC. & & & .. .' >42>4O 8B>3 @01>BK <>6=> A45;0BL A;54CNI85 2K2>4K: 1. >;8B8G5A:89 @568< 2:;NG05B 2 A51O: ?>;8B8G5A:85 AB@C:BC@K 2;0AB8, 8E @50;L=K9 AB0BCA 8 @>;L 2 >1I5AB25; <5B>4K >ACI5AB2;5=8O 3>AC40@AB25==>9 2;0AB8: :0:8< <5B>40< C?@02;5=8O 8 3>A?>4AB20 >B405BAO ?@54?>GB5=85 - ?@O<K< 8;8 :>A25==K<, =0A8;LAB25==K< 8;8 <5B>40< C15645=8O; @50;L=K9 C@>25=L A2>1>4 G5;>25:0, >1J5< 53> ?@02; <5B>4K 2K@01>B:8 ?>;8B8G5A:8E @5H5=89; A?>A>1K C@53C;8@>20=8O :>=D;8:B>2; ?;N@0;87<, 2 B>< G8A;5 =0;8G85 8;8 >BACBAB285 ;530;L=>9 (=5;530;L=>9) >??>78F88; :>=D83C@0F8N ?0@B89=>9 A8AB5<K: >4=>?0@B89=K5 8;8 <=>3>?0@B89=K5 A8AB5<K; 845>;>38N 8 B> <5AB>, :>B>@>5 >B2>48BAO 59 2 <>18;870F88 >1I5AB20; D>@<K >B=>H5=8O =0A5;5=8O : ?>;8B8G5A:><C CG0AB8N (?>;8B8G5A:0O ?0AA82=>ABL, <>18;87>20==>5 8;8 02B>=><=>5 CG0AB85); B8? ;538B8<=>AB8: E0@87<0B8G5A:89, B@048F8>==K9, @0F8>=0;L=>-;530;L=K9, 845>;>38G5A:89 8 4@.; AB@C:BC@8@>20==>ABL ?@02OI59 M;8BK: AB5?5=L A?;>G5==>AB8, >B:@KB>ABL 8 70:@KB>ABL, :0=0;K @5:@CB8@>20=8O. 2.  CA;>28OE 45<>:@0B88 >1I5AB2> 8<55B @KG038 2;8O=8O =0 2;0ABL 2?;>BL 4> 70<5=K =0 >G5@54=KE 2K1>@0E.  =545<>:@0B8G5A:8E @568<0E 3>AC40@AB2> :>=B@>;8@C5B 8 @53;0<5=B8@C5B 3@0640=A:>5 >1I5AB2> ?>;=>ABLN (B>B0;8B0@87<) 8;8 G0AB8G=> (02B>@8B0@87<). >;LH8=AB2> ?>;8B>;>3>2 B@0:BC5B B>B0;8B0@87< :0: A;8O=85 3>AC40@AB20 A 3@0640=A:8< >1I5AB2><, GB> ?@0:B8G5A:8 AB028B ?>4 A><=5=85 A0<C 2>7<>6=>ABL ACI5AB2>20=8O ?>A;54=53> !! !, " "# + ;5:A552 !.!. >1I0O B5>@8O ?@020. C@A 2 2B. .: 2001. 01052, 0@0=>2 8 ">;AB8: "" 2 AE5<0E 8 >?@545;5=8OE". - .: .@8ABJ, 1998. 5=35@>2 .. ""5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020" #G51=8: 4;O 2C7>2. - .: >2K9 N@8AB, 1998. 5=35@>2 .. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020: #G51=8: 4;O N@848G5A:8E 2C7>2. 3-5 874. - .: .@8A?@C45=F8O, 2000. - 528 A. >@6852 .. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020. #G51=>-<5B>48G5A:>5 ?>A>185. - #;0=-#4M: 74-2> !"#, 2005. - 345 A. 3>@>2 !.. :A8><0B8G5A:85 >A=>2K B5>@88 ?@020. - !1.: 5:A8:>=, 2001. - 272 A. 3>@>2 !.. !CI5AB2C5B ;8 B5>@8O ?@020?: 5:F8O, 70?8A0==0O 2 @0<:0E ?@>5:B0 "2C:>20O M=F8:;>?548O". - !1.: !.-5B5@1. >B4-=85 =-B0 "B:@KB>5 >-2>", 2002. 0H0=8=0 ".. "@>8AE>645=85 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020. !>2@5<5==K5 B@0:B>2:8 8 =>2K5 ?>4E>4K" .: .@8ABJ, 1999. 0H8=8=0 ".. @>8AE>645=85 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020: #G51. ?>A>185. ., . !", 2004. ><0@>2 !.. >1I0O B5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020: :C@A ;5:F89. !0@0=A:, 2003. >@5;LA:>3> .. 8 ?@>D. .. 5@520;>20. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020". - .:  , 2000. 070@52 .. B5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020. ., 2003. 0;L:>2 .. !>2@5<5==0O @>AA89A:0O ?@02>20O ?>;8B8:0 8 ?@02>20O 687=L // @02>20O ?>;8B8:0 8 ?@02>20O 687=L. 2000. N 1. !. 15  27. 0;L:>2 .. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020 2 2>?@>A0E 8 >B25B0E. ., 2003. 0@G5=:> .. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020. ., 2002. 0@G5=:>. ""5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020" ?>4 @540:F859 - .: 5@F0;>, 2000. 0BC7>2 .. :BC0;L=K5 ?@>1;5<K @>AA89A:>9 ?@02>2>9 ?>;8B8:8 // >AC40@AB2> 8 ?@02>. 2000. N 4. 0BC7>20 .. 8 ?@>D. 0;L:>. ..">;8B>;>38O 4;O N@8AB>2" ?>4 @540:F859 ?@>D. - .: .@8ABJ, 1999. 1I0O B5>@8O ?@020 8 3>AC40@AB20: #G51=8: / >4 @54. .. 070@520. - 3-5 874., ?5@5@01. 8 4>?. - .: .@8ABJ, 2001. - 520 A. @>B0A>2 .. "5>@8O ?@020 8 3>AC40@AB20. @>1;5<K B5>@88 ?@020 8 3>AC40@AB20: >?@>AK 8 >B25BK. - .: >2K9 .@8AB, 1999. - 240 A. 0AA>;>20 .., .. CG8=0, .!. -175520. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020" - .: ."-, 2000. !?8@84>=>2 .. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020. ., 2003. !K@KE .. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020.- .: K;8=0, 1998. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020: C@A ;5:F89 / >4 @54. .. 0BC7>20 8 .. 0;L:>. - 2-5 874., ?5@5@01. 8 4>?. - .: .@8ABJ, 2001. - 776 A. '5@40=F52 .$. ""5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020" - .: .@09B, 1999.  >@6852 .. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020. #G51=>-<5B>48G5A:>5 ?>A>185. - #;0=-#4M: 74-2> !"#, 2005.  !. 45  ><0@>2 !.. >1I0O B5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020: :C@A ;5:F89. !0@0=A:, 2003. !. 82  070@52 .. B5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020. ., 2003. !. 147  0;L:>2 .. !>2@5<5==0O @>AA89A:0O ?@02>20O ?>;8B8:0 8 ?@02>20O 687=L // @02>20O ?>;8B8:0 8 ?@02>20O 687=L. 2000. N 1. !. 15  27.  !?8@84>=>2 .. "5>@8O 3>AC40@AB20 8 ?@020. ., 2003. !. 102     v||N~P~~ 6R`vޙ dh`gdXgdX$ & F f8dh^`a$gdX$dha$gdX$dh`a$gdXޙ. pBʞtHؤF & F 8*$^`gdX$dha$gdX$dh`a$gdX$ & F 6 8dh^`a$gdX dh`gdX`@Pnx t а`δDVֶ & F 8*$^`gdX$ & F 8dh^`a$gdXֶض^ָbdhjnptvz|~ dgdX d*$`gdX $da$gdXgdXڶ\^`bԸָظڸ`bdfjlprvx~øøhXjh\ Uh\ hhX^J_H hhXjhhX0JUhhXCJ_HaJ!jhhX0JCJUaJhhXCJaJ,1h. A!"R#n$n% $$If!v h5555Z5P555P5 w#v#v#v#vZ#vP#v#v#vP#v w:V  Z6, 5 34pZmkd$$If bQ ! Z6$$$$34apZDyK acher@wiseowl.ruyK 0mailto:acher@wiseowl.ruDyK ancher77@mail.ruyK 0mailto:ancher77@mail.ru}DyK _Toc184353204}DyK _Toc184353204}DyK _Toc184353205}DyK _Toc184353205}DyK _Toc184353206}DyK _Toc184353206}DyK _Toc184353207}DyK _Toc184353207}DyK _Toc184353208}DyK _Toc184353208}DyK _Toc184353209}DyK _Toc184353209}DyK _Toc184353210}DyK _Toc184353210}DyK _Toc184353211}DyK _Toc184353211P@P X1KG=K9 dCJPJ_HaJmHsHtHR@R X 03>;>2>: 1$<@&5KH \^JaJ BA@B A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0Xi@X 1KG=0O B01;8F04 l4a .k@. 5B A?8A:04@4 X 3;02;5=85 1:U@: X 8?5@AAK;:0 >*B*ph2&@2 X =0: A=>A:8H*TB@"T XA=>2=>9 B5:AB$dh1$`a$<@2< X "5:AB A=>A:8CJaJdoBd b=0: =0: =0: =0:$dhPJaJmH sH tH #M T)NpNCLMPUVZ[\#$/0123mLY[ei$E \ &+Q?r[t2D([!^!g"b$f$$ & &0&W)[))**'+u+++////0344V699:::;<y=====->>?0?T???5@@ AtACX>DDDDOEPEEEFFFFIIJJ8K=KKK?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry FpֽYData d1Tablel<WordDocument.SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjq  F Microsoft Office Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q